ITTENの造形教育 : 形態について

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Johannes Itten was a prominent formative educator, who took charge of the "Basic Course" in the early "Bauhaus". As his essay on color is well-known to the world, he has his own method and theory on "form" as well. According to his "Mein Vorkurs am Bauhaus" he takes up a square, a triangle and a circle as basic forms, considering the first as a figure that is constructed with horizontal and perpendicular straight lines, the second, with acute angles and oblique lines, and the last, as the fundamental one of all the curved figures. These three basic forms are regarded by Itten as linear figures that are in the space that has directions. He seems to have given these theories not by abstracting organic forms but by purely geometrical consideration. Developing these simple forms by means of proportional partition and many kinds of geo-metrical transformation, he shows that we can produce various design forms. The fundamental principle of his composition is the theory of contrast and he tries to observe the relation between every object from this stand point. From this way of looking at things, fresh and lively composition can be made out. He also tried to make his students feel and comprehend the character of the forms through physical movements. As for rhythm, especially, he even let them walk and dance. To make out readiness to produce formative works he assigns warming up exercises every morning. At the bottom of this idea and method of formative education, there lies Oriental philosophy and a doctrine of Mazdaisrn that he has had a great interest in. Though much has been said about Itten's formative education, it had great deal of effect in the state of utter bewilderment after World War I and formed the basis of education in Bauhaus. We can still learn a lot in the present design education from his theory and method.
日本デザイン学会の論文
1968-03-25

著者

小山清男
東京芸術大学

ITTENの造形教育 : 形態について

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