非筋細胞ミオシンIIによるマウス上衣細胞繊毛の平面極性制御

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Motile cilia generate constant fluid flow over epithelial tissue, and thereby influence diverse physiological processes. Such functions of ciliated cells depend on the planar polarity of the cilia and on their basal bodies being oriented toward the downstream direction of the fluid flow. Recently, another type of basal-body planar polarity, indicated by the anterior localization of the basal bodies in individual cells, was reported in the multiciliated ependymal cells that line the surface of brain ventricles. However, little is known about how this polarity is established or the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here we report that basal bodies move in the apical cell membrane during differentiation to accumulate in the anterior region of ependymal cells. The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway influences the basal bodies'orientation, but not their anterior migration, in the neonatal brain. Moreover, we show by pharmacological and genetic studies that non-muscle myosin II is a key regulator of this distribution of basal bodies. This study demonstrates that the orientation and distribution of basal bodies occur by distinct mechanisms.
2011-03-01