Effect of urea placement on the time-depth profiles of NO, N_2O and mineral nitrogen concentrations in an Andisol during a Chinese cabbage growing season(Environment)
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概要
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To evaluate the effects of urea placement on the concentration profiles of soil gases (NO and N_2O) and mineral nitrogen, we conducted an experiment in a Chinese cabbage field in Tsukuba, Japan, over one cultivation season. Soil gas and mineral nitrogen concentrations at different depths (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6m) were measured 1-2 times per week in experimental plots fertilized by either urea incorporation (U-I; uniformly spread over the soil surface and incorporated down to approximately 0.15-0.2m) or by urea deep band (U-DB; placed in 0.12-m-deep trenches cut at intervals of 0.6m). Considerable NO was observed in the top 0.2m of soil in the U-I treatment during the first 2 weeks after fertilization (WAF), whereas in soil in the U-DB treatment NO was observed only at depths of 0.1 and 0.15m for approximately 6 WAF. In U-I, the maximum soil N_2O concentration was observed 5 days after fertilization (DAF). Significantly high N_2O concentration in soil of U-DB was observed 2 WAF, and lasted longer than that in UI (4 vs 2 weeks). The NH_4^+ concentrations in U-I exceeded background levels during the first 2 WAF, with a maximum 5 DAF. The high NH_4^+ concentrations in soil in the U-DB treatment, mainly located within the 0.05-0.15-m soil zone, lasted approximately 6 weeks, with a maximum at 9 DAF. The NO_3^-concentrations in both U-I and U-DB increased shortly after the application of urea; the increases were higher in U-I than in U-DB. These time-depth series of concentration profiles clearly demonstrate the effect of urea placement on NO and N_2O production and transportation in soil and provide a better understanding of the emission dynamics of these gases than previous reports. In addition, comparison of NO and N_2O emissions among field, laboratory and numerical experiments firmly suggests that deep urea placement is highly effective in reducing NO emissions, with less effect on N_2O emissions from Andisols.
著者
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Tsuruta Haruo
National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences
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Tsuruta Haruo
National Institute For Agro-environmental Sciences:(present Office)atmosphere And Ocean Research Ins
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Hosen Yasukazu
Japan International Research Center For Agricultural Sciences
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HOU Aixin
Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University
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McCREARY Matthew
Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University
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Hou Aixin
Department Of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University:national Institute For Agro-environm
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Mccreary Matthew
Department Of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University
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Tsuruta Haruo
National Institute For Agro-environmental Sciences:(present Office)atmosphere And Ocean Research Ins
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