重度身体障害者の日本的自立生活概念と自立生活教育プログラム(<特集>現代の生活と自立-社会福祉実践の課題)

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Executive Director of Independent Living Research Institute The "Independent Living Movement" started in the United States of America in latter half of the 1960s. The American concept of independent living was developed in Berkeley, California in the 1970s. The "Center for Independent Living Inc." (CIL) was established there. It is now the base and center for the disabled who are living independently. In 1981, the International Year of Disabled Persons, the term "independent living" was introduced to Japan. Since then the independent living movement has been developing in various parts of Japan. At the same time centers for supporting independent living of the disabled have been founded one after another by the leaders of disabled movement groups. However, in term of the interests of the disabled persons themselves in Independent living movements or the support system provided by the citizens, we have to admit that nor much enthusiasm is recognized in Japan compared to the movements developing in America. One of the reasons for this is that the Japanese concept of independent living is not agreed upon or understood by all the leader of the disabled groups. It is impossible to accept and develop in Japan the American concept of independent living which has developed in the American political, social, and economic system. There are differences in national traits between the two countries. Also, even the disabled persons are a subgroup situated within the main system of the Japanese people. In contrast to the American idea of independent living aiming to " live by oneself in the community," the Japanese concept emphasizes strong ties within the family, community, and among relatives. It is an independent living well understood by the disabled themselves and also by the support groups. It is necessary to think about all types of assistance to the disabled who wish to live independently. The Independent Living Reseach Institute conducted a survey from 1985 to 1986 concerning independent living of the seriously disabled persons. The results of the survey indicate that for the severely physically disabled to achieve the goal of independent living what is most needed in terms of assistance is education for independent living. "Independent Living Skills Class" at CI: in Berkeley focuses on helping the disabled who wish to live independently in the community and to acquire skills for doing daily chores, such as shopping, washing and cleaning the house. They are trained in a house specifically designed for practicing independent living. These skills are taught directly by disabled persons who are themselves leading independent lives. Thus the training given at the CIL is for the disabled who are highly motivated for independent living, that is for those who have relatively high capacity for social skills. At present educational programs for independent living in demand in Japan are not for a specitic group of the disabled as in America but for a large scope of the physically disabled persons. There are different types of welfare agencies for the disabled in various parts of Japan. They have their own program organized by their worker based on repeated trial and error. They have used the trial and error method because mannuals for organizing the program for the disabled persons have not been prepared yet. We need a comprehensive mannual segmented into several steps according to the developmental process of independent living. This thesis is intended to clarify the concept of independent living of the seriously physically disabled by classifying the concept into five categories and their life styles into nine categories. Also this thesis, using the experience from the "Independent Living Educational Class" which I organized, discusses eleven steps for the seriously disabled persons to follow to achieve independent living.
一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
1988-06-01

重度身体障害者の日本的自立生活概念と自立生活教育プログラム(<特集>現代の生活と自立-社会福祉実践の課題)

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