アメリカ合衆国における社会福祉に関する政策とプログラム : 家庭の安定と強化に焦点をあてて
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概要
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Introduction Since the enactment of the Social Security Act in 1935, the federal government has assumed the principal role in financing programs for benefits and services which are delivered to needy and disadvantaged individuals and families in the United States. Overall, the benefits and services, supported by the Social Security Act, as amended, and other federal laws, are designed to assist recipients in achieving their maximum social and economic selfsurficiency and independence. Administratively, programs for a diverse array of benefits and services are administered by networks of feberal, state and local public welfare agencies, as well as by voluntary and private social service organizations which sign purchase-of-service agreements with public agencies (although voluntary and private organizations tend to focus mostly on the provision of social services). This paper is divided into four major parts. Part I describes the major benefits and services programs of the United States which are essentially targeted to its low-income citizes. Part II presents a summary of policies of the current administration for promoting family stability and strengths. Part III concentrates on an examination of the major social services programs designed to strengthen family life, which are administered by the Office of Human Development Services (HDS) of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Finally, Part IV provides a summary of how the Reagan administration has consolidated a large number of categorical domestic social programs into nine block grants. A block grant approach represents a radical departure from the traditional categorical approach to financing domestic social programs. This paper was written with the purpose of providing readers with a brod understanding of the current status of American social welfare policies and programs. Most of the information presented in the paper is pertinent to the theme of the conference of the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW) in Tokyo.
- 一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
- 1986-11-15