わが国の公私関係を考える(社会福祉における公私問題-日本の現状と課題-)
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概要
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David Scott in the World Report at the 21st International Conference on Social Welfare in Brighton in 1982 pointed out that we can identify three characteristics of voluntary organizations. Thy are freedom of association, subsidiarity and pluralism. These three add up to independence from the State. The report of the Wolfenden Committee in Great Britain in 1978 stood on the similar position. Voluntary organizations are organized voluntarily without statutory interference and beeing managed on their own initiative. Thus they can freely choose their own clients. At least a sizable portion of their revenue should come from voluntary sources. On the contrary, in our country we only have private organizations who are merely organized separately from the public organizations but based on the minute statutory requirements. Accordingly they are at all independent auspices but heavily dependent on the public authorities to the extent that they almost entirely lack the above mentioned three characteristics. One serious defect in our system is lack of the viable social market which has a clear domain demarcating the economic market. The demarcation is usually the functional threshold which prevents for the social market to excessively expand and go beyond the maximum social efficiency. However, our private organizations are protected by the statute so as to be free from competetion with the economic market. Most common welfare activities are statutorily limited to designated private agencies as well as public agencies. Those private services are exclusively sold to public authorities. Prefectural and municipal in turn are not only exclusive buyers of social servies from the protected private organizations but also exclusive sellers of those purchased services to the clients. The essential function of public agencies are thus nothing more than monopolistic brokers between providers and clients. This monopoly of welfare services by public agencies is far from pluralism which is generally a unique character of voluntary organizations in the world.
- 一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
- 1984-09-01
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