就学前教育の史的考察
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概要
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Development of economy in Japan in the first term of Meiji era brought about disorganization of the feudalistic possessi ve conection and status system. Before the Meiji era, the TOKUGAWA shogunate had not almost contact foreign countries as a foreign policy, and as a donestic policy they had established a great status system (called "Fudai, Shinpan, Tozama" and) called "the military, agr icutural, industorial, and merchantile class" among common people. By openning trade with America and Europian co untries at the end of the era an invasion of these foreign capitalism developped rapidly merchandise economy in Japan, and brought crisis to the feudal system based on self-sufficient economy. Moreover as a result of the influence these has been a sudden rise in consumer's price and economic change, all people were reduceded poverty beyond all classes. As the result of "Land Tax Revision" of Meiji Government which changed land tax of presentational tax to the fixed tax by money, many farmers couldn't pay a tax by money and were deprived of agricultural land. These events provided opportunity for collection of their land by richlandowners. Farmers ; especially tenant farmers which wouldn't support their own life by farming were compelled to make their children and himself employed as emigrant worker. They and old lower class warrior flowed to look for jobs into big industorial cities such as Tokyo or Osaka. Influx of this people to the city made slum area and so many social problems to occurd. At that time, Child Problem was not recognised as such and was interested in by the government only from the viewpoint of a plan for waking a nation powerful and securing human resources. Gaverment had established the institution for children after the european educational system. It was the kindergarten for preschool education based on Education Regulation (1872). Although kindergarten education succeeded to Frobelism and were the aristcratic atmosphere, number of kindergarten had increased. In parallel with the national policy like this, institutions for nursery care were established as a countermeasure against preschool children's problems in various place in the country. These institutions were established unable to stand by and watch problem situation of childen in neighborhood, not by the indication of the Government. The period that these institutions were established was 1880s when we had many social problems, because of economical problems of deflation in 1885 and inflation in 1890. This report considers preschool education system in Japan, through the formation and development of institutions for children in Meiji era.
- 一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
- 1983-09-22