社会福祉政策における公私問題と体制理念
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概要
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The public- private issue is an hot debate in social policy today. The focus of the issue is moving from, the classical one, that is, role differentiation between public and voluntary agencies in social service delivery to a more systematized outlook, that is,a cooperation among (in British terms) the statutory, the voluntary, the private and the informal. The private means services done by profit-making private enterprise and the informal means self-help and mutual-aid among families, relatives and neighbourhood. And general trends are more privatisation and more self-help and mutual-aid. Most governments in advanced industrial nations are urged to reduce public spending including social expenditure because of financial difficulty caused by depression affter the oil shock. There are still debates upon the validity of introducing commercial base services especially into personal social services and upon the extent self-help and mutual-aid work effectively. Besides the financial difficulty there are ideological conflicts in the background. The welfare state ideology which has acquired a significant consensus among nations last three decades is being challenged recently especially from right wing neo-economic liberalists. They argue there are already too much public welfare services which tend to damage people's incentives, integrity and identity. T.H.Marshall defends the welfare state and described it as an hyphenated democratic-welfare-capitalism in ideal-type. For him three components of the welfare state are parliamentary democracy, mixed economy and welfare society. Each component has its own value premise: majority vote decision(democratic value), market mechanism (capitalist value) and human right (welfare value). Though there are conflicts among them, these three components are complemental and compensatory each other. And when they are well-balanced this system seems to be better than any other alternatives. Finally roles and tasks of social policy in contemporary Japan are discussed. Those are: Coping with new poverty; Structuring good care service systems for the elderly, the handicapped etc. in local communities; Proper professionalization of social workers; and Building a democratic fair society.
- 一般社団法人日本社会福祉学会の論文
- 1983-09-22