花香気成分の生合成・発散制御の分子機構に関する生物有機化学的研究(学会賞)

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Flowers emit floral scent compounds throughout the initial unfurling to the senescence stages. We have investigated the biosynthesis and the emission of floral scent compounds on Rosa, Osmanthus and Gardenia flowers. During the course of our research, the feeding experiments of labeled precursors with stable isotopes and the molecular biological methodologies were employed. In this paper I will introduce the following research results. 1) 2-Phenylettyl β-D-glucopyranoside (2PEG) and β-glucosidase were involved in the 2PE emission at the late unfurling stage in rose flowers. 2) 2PE emitted from rose flowers was synthesized from L-phenylalanine by the action of two enzymes, aromatic amino acid-decarboxylase and phenylacetaldehyde reuctase. 3) O-Methyl transferase was isolated as the key enzyme involved in the floral scent methoxy-phenol in roses. 4) CCD1 was clarified to be involved in the synthesis of α-, β-ionones from carotenoids in Osmanthus flowers. 5) Rhythmic emission of floral scent was confirmed in rose and Osmanthus flowers under the 12h light-12h dark conditions.
2010-10-01