棚橋源太郎の理科教授論における「実験」観 : 子どもの「自己活動」の具体化としての「生徒実験」分析
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概要
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This paper analyzes the view of `experiments' proposed by Gentaro Tanahashi in his teaching theory of science. The paper deals with the 'laboratory method', which attaches importance to 'students' experiments'. Tanahashi introduced the 'laboratory method' to Japan; and it became popular across the country with his efforts. The original idea of 'students' experiments' in the 'laboratory method' that Tanahashi learned when he was studying abroad was based on H. E. Armstrong's 'heuristic method'. When Tanahashi came back to Japan, however, he adjusted the 'laboratory method' by emphasizing children's 'self-activity' in science lessons, in order to deal with the practical problems in science education at that time in Japan. We can find Tanahashi's emphasis on children's 'self-activity' in science lessons even before he studied abroad. Tanahashi's method of 'students' experiments' was produced as a result of fusion of the idea of children's 'self-activity', which he had already had before he studied abroad, and Armstrong's 'heuristic method'. Tanahashi's main contribution to teaching theories of science was that he properly theorized the development of 'self-constructivity' (self-constructive ability) in the structure of science lessons. Experiments are indispensable constituents in science teaching. Children can develop very effectively both intellectually and mentally by experimenting for themselves. Tanahashi argued that teachers' proper guidance before and after experiments is necessary for the success of science experiments. He maintained that after 'students' experiments', teachers should help children systematize the knowledge obtained from the experiments; and that by this help, children's intuition based on 'self-activity' could arrive at clear concepts about the laws of nature. Tanahashi's view of 'experiments' showed the importance of the relationship between children's 'self-activity' and teachers' proper teaching methods, and the effectiveness of the 'heuristic method' in 'students' experiments'.
- 日本教育方法学会の論文
- 2000-03-31