障害者福祉における福祉計画の策定と地域生活移行
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of social planning for people with disabilities on the process of deinstitutionalization. Deinstitutionalization or `from institution to community' has been perhaps the most important subject in the way services for people with intellectual disabilities have been organized in Japan. The provision of institutional care in Japan increased continuously from its establishment in the middle of the last century up until 2002, when the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare made the 2002 Plan for People with Disabilities. The Plan recommended that more provision should be made to house people with intellectual disabilities in group-homes within the community, rather than build new institutions. And the Services and Support for Persons with Disabilities Act of 2005 stipulated that ten percent of people living in institutions should be transferred to community living. Unfortunately, many people who transferred from institutions have returned to their parents' home and increased the burden of care on their families. Therefore in the creation of alternatives to institutions lies the task, not only of building new placements within the community, but also of finding new ways of organizing services and providing help and support, especially for people with the most extensive needs. A new vision of community services is required, focusing on such things as primacy of community living, emphasis on social relationships, individual-centered support, and personal choice and control. This is the greatest challenge facing all modern societies.
- 2010-03-25
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