耐震安全性を確保するための考え方(<特集>安全・安心を確保するための技術基盤の構築)

概要

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Seismic risk is of concern for enterprises, since it brings pure risk that is very complicated to estimate and handle. The basic elements of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) were established in the late 1960s in the U.S. Since then, PSHA has now become the most widely used approach for not only estimating seismic design loads but also evaluating foreseeable loss by earthquake. In this country many people fully understood the importance of crisis management after the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995. Furthermore many companies were keen to evaluate their seismic risk in order to control and/or transfer them with some severe earthquakes after 1995 Kobe Earthquake. This paper is intended as an introduction of basic concept of seismic risk management. At first general definition of seismic risk is introduced with a historical background that probabilistic risk assessment was developed and used for seismic design and earthquake insurance. Secondly method to evaluate seismic risk is outlined. Finally "Risk Control" and "Risk Finance" is overviewed as risk treatment in risk management cycle.
2009-10-15