アポロニオス・ロディオスにおける中動相と受動相 : ησκητοについて
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概要
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Greek has no original form of the passive voice. It uses for passive voice, partly the active endings and partly the middle endings. The passive function of middle voice is mainly based on its reflexive usage. So there may occur the wavering of meaning between middle voice and passive voice: e. g. το δ' εφελκετο μειλινον εγχο&b.sigmav;(N 597) ("He trailed the ashen spear." or "The ashen spear was trailed."). This kind of wavering can sometimes cause very different explanations of a sentence or acontext. ησκητο(A.R.I. 742)is one of such examples. Here the sentence is in general translated as follows : "Cytherea had been wrought with drooping tresses, wielding the swift shield of Ares." This usage of ασκειν is that of the old epic. There occurs, however, a question if this ησκητο can be taken as the middle voice. The middle voice of ασκειν is sometimes used for expressing the personal adornment(e. g., E. Hel. 1379, Ale. 161, etc.). If this is the case with ησκητο, its meaning may better fit to the context. For "She seemed to see her own image in the shield of bronze" (745 f.) suggests the scene of Aphrodite's dressing-up. This view may be possible in meaning. Does Apollonius, however, extend the meaning of Homeric dictions through the usage of tragic poets? Although he mainly uses Homeric dictions, Apollonius is not always faithful to Homeric usages. He practises different combination, different arrangement of words and phrases. For he tries to aim at perfection, complement and building-up of epic dictions. He is, however, not so revolutionary as Callimachus or Theocritus. How does Apollonius deal with the voices of Homeric verbs, when he changes them? For example, μακρου&b.sigmav;/πλεζασθαιπλοκαμου&b.sigmav;(A. R. III, 46 f.). This is a scene of Aphrodite's dressing-up. This scene is evidently based on that of Hera in Iliad XIV, 170f. : χερσι πλοκαμου&b.sigmav; επλεζε φαεινου&b.sigmav;(176 f.). Here is an alternation of επλεζε to πλεζασθαι, which is no doubt the correction of Homeric usage. Middle form must used. There are not a few examples of this sort. For Apollonius, one of the most concerning things in composing Argonautica was criticize and correct readings in the Homeric text, to which he could not agree. On the whole, Apollonius makes use of Homeric usages in precise manner, except for practising different combination and arrangement of words. As far as mid.-pass. forms are concerned, he tries to correct some Homeric usages of verbs into the proper ones. In this course, he is rarely influenced by tragic or lyric poets. In the case of ασκειν, the meaning of personal adornment usually accompanies word or phrase which may let us understand such meaning(e. g. δεμα&b.sigmav;, σωνα). It would be difficult to find the meaning of personal adornment in the ησκητο.
- 日本西洋古典学会の論文
- 1981-03-30
著者
関連論文
- HUNTER, R., The Argonautica of Apollonius : Literary Studies., Pp. X+ 206, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
- アポロニオス・ロディオスの非ホメーロス語彙
- CAMPBELL, Malcolm, Echoes and Imitations of Early Epic in Apollonius Rhodius., Pp. 123, E. J. Brill, Leiden, 1981.
- アポロニオス・ロディオスにおける中動相と受動相 : ησκητοについて
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