ΕΦΗΜΕΡΟΣということ : ギリシア抒情詩における

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• If we try a historical survey of Japanese view of life, we find that, at the transition from Heian to Kamakura period, there was a remarkable change in their attitude towards the fragility, instability and helplessness of human life, the change from the emotional to the non-emotional attitude. Hakanashi was the key-word to the former, and Mujo-no to the latter. While Hakanashi is an adjective of strong subjective colour, the other may be called a word of objective nature in the sense that it denotes an ontological principle, so to speak. It will be interesting to observe in this connection what view of life was taken by Greek lyric poets. It is true that they agreed wtih the Japanese in maintaining that life is fragile and helpless. But their attitude to this fundamental fact of life is by no means the same with that of Japanese poets. Early Greek poets, Archilochos in particular, seem to grasp the fact not in an emotional way, but rather objectively and intellectually: their key-word εφηερο&b.sigmav; differs from our Hakanashi in that it expresses the attributes of life in the main objectively. It must be admitted, however, that it is the primary concern of the lyric poet to take a view of life and to express it in an emotional, therefore subjective, way. No wonder that we come across a more subjective view of life in the works of melic poets such as Sappho and Anacreon. And it must be noted here that with these poets the word αμηχανο&b.sigmav; was preferred, as it seems, to εφηερο&b.sigmav; as key-word to their attitude to life. Indeed, αμηχανο&b.sigmav; is a word more appropriate to convey the subjective reaction to life of a poet. In the view of the present writer, it is Semonides of Amorgos who stands at the turning-point from the εφηερο&b.sigmav;- to the αμηχανο&b.sigmav;-view of life. We may trace in his usage of the word εφηερο&b.sigmav;, though not quite clearly, a certain sift of Greek view of life. If we come further down to the choral poets, Simonides and Pindar, we find that curiously the εφηερο&b.sigmav;-view of life gaines again the upper hand of the αμηχανο&b.sigmav;-view of life. It means that the objective attitude to life has regained its dominant place in the Greek view of life. But once gone through the αμηχανο&b.sigmav;-stage, the concept εφηερο&b.sigmav; was no longer the same as that employed by Archilochos. The same word has now assumed a new aspect unknown to early iambic poets. One may say, it was deepened and raised to a higher level by going through a subjective stage represented by the αμηχανο&b.sigmav;-view of life. Nevertheless, the concept εφηερο&b.sigmav; could not ultimately succeed in becoming a so-called metaphysical principle of human life and all existence as well. What happened to our Mujo-no, did not happen to the Greek εφηερο&b.sigmav;. This essential difference between the two, in the opinion of the present writer, results from the peculiar Greek way of approaching the existence (ονγα), including human life.

• 日本西洋古典学会の論文
• 1966-03-28

著者

• 鈴木 照雄

  大阪市立大学

関連論文

• 広川洋一, 『へシオドス研究序説-ギリシア思想の生誕』, iv+428, 1975, 未来社.
• STOKES, Michael C., One and Many in Presocratic Philosophy, Pp. ix+355, the Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, D. C., 1971
• ΕΦΗΜΕΡΟΣということ : ギリシア抒情詩における
• GUTHRIE : W. K. C. : A History of Greek Philosophy, vol.1, Pp.XV+539, Cambridge University Press, 1962.
• KIRK, G. S. & RAVEN, J. E., The Presocratic Philosophers, Pp. xi+487, Cambridge: University Press, 1957 / 山本光雄訳編, 初期ギリシア哲学者断片集, Pp. vi+153, 岩波書店, 1958 / Diogenes Laertius, Leben und Meinungen beruhmter Philosophen, Bd. 1. xii+366, Bd. 2. 355, Berlin: Akad
• Diogenes Laetius;Leben und Meinungen beruhmter Philosophen,1955
• Kirk,G.S. & Raven,J.E.;The Presocratic Philosophers,1957
• ゼノン : 否定の精神
• RAVEN, J. E., Pythagoreans and Eleatics, Pp. VIII+196., Cambridge Univ. Press, 1948, 12/6 S.
• DIELS, H., Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Griechisch and Deutsch, 6., verb., Aufl., hrsg. von W. KRANZ, 3 Bde., Bd. I, Pp. XI+504, Bd. II, Pp. 248, Bd. III, Pp. 660, Berlin-Grunewald, Weidmann, 1951, 1952 / FREEMAN, K., The Pre-Socratic Philosophers: A

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