A study on the transparent-scaled mutant ne^3 of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii
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There are two reproductive forms in crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii. The bisexual form produces females and males in a ratio of 1:1, whereas the unisexual form is reproduced gynogenetically. A mutant with transparent scales (ne^3) was found in the bisexual form, which belonged to the ne alleles (+>ne^3>ne). In the unisexual form, four transparent-scaled females resembling the ne and ne^3 mutants were found in the field, but genetic analysis to confirm their relationship to these genes was not possible because of their gynogenetic nature. Their progenies were transparent-scaled females. In some cases, two variants with a similar scale transparency but differing in the distribution pattern of the transparent scales among the whole scale population were segregated in the progenies.
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