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A study was made on axial reflexion of the kidneys and kinking of the ureter, to be caused by a change in posture, by taking pyelography of 105 individuals. The following observations were made: 1. It was shown that downward displacement of the kidneys, if it was within 5 cm., was normal in both men and women. There was a greater downward displacement in men than in women, and in the left kidneys than in the right one. 2. The normal position occupied by the lower pole of a kidney in terms of spinal vertebral height corresponded to lumbar III-IV in supine position and lumbar IV in upright position. In both upright and supine positions, the positions occupied by the kidneys were higher than that occupied by the right one. 3. Many individuals had a smaller pelvic-spinal angle in upright position than in supine position. Some, however, showed abnormal angles. 4. The pelvic long axis showed a markedly smaller value in upright position than in supine position; in some, the value of pelvic long axis in upright position was less than two-thirds as much as the value of pelvic long axis in supine position. 5. Downward displacement of the kidneys caused a deformity of the ureter to occur. Generally speaking, the deformity was seen in upper one-third of the ureter in many instances.
千葉大学の論文