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概要

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In "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" the resolution Stephen immediately put into execution is to use silence, exile, and cunning. He did not report how to use his weapon in his later life. A Joycean calls it Joyce's invented three words. This is a very stereotyped expression. Every Irish knows the three words. The Irish eventful past was an Irish storehouse of unforgetable wounded memories which so much enriched her days of her hard routine. Through the true meaning of Irish wakes and American wakes we find exiles became a part of their daily consciousness. The three words are not only Stephen's weapon, but the Irish one.