文化価値の心理学的研究法 : I

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Thirty years have passed since cultural anthropology began to consider the problems of culture. Meantime various opinions have been published criticizing each other: R. Benedict's interpretation in Patterns of Culture, A. Kardinar's opinion seen in The Psychological Frontiers of Society, and E. Fromm's idea in Escape from Freedom are among the representative ones. These opinions, however, do not satisfy the scientific demand of social psychology. R. B. Cattell emphatically criticizes cultural anthropology in three points: the interpretation by the single observer, the confusion of scientific discription and its interpretation, and the lack of method and notation of numerical treatment. Then he adopts the method of factor analysis in order to meet the demand of social psychology. The method which makes use of R-technique or P-technique indeed overcomes the drawback of old cultural anthropology. But it is necessary to re-examine whether or not this method is the only one for the cultural patterns. It is necessary to do so (i) because it is questionable how relevant the method of collecting statistical sources is with the intrinsic nature of value system; and (2) because it is unsuitable to apply the factor analysis mathematically when the type of distribution of statistical sources is unknown. The attitude of this school is dogmatic in categorizing the resulting coordinative axes; and their criticism is inconsistent. The question is what method we should apply in order to make psychological research of those questions which contains value system. It might be good to apply the scientific method, if psychology cares only for the side of overt behavior; but for examining the problems concerning attitude and consciousness, we should apply the method of hermeneutics. The purpose of this article is to establish a new method of psychological research by adopting hermeneutical method. For that end, the method of factor analysis will be more closely examined. In the First Chapter, the studies on value scale are investigated from various angles. No matter what scale we use, we can only make superficial account. For the method of scaling, it is the best to construct the multidimensional scale, and to categorize the system by the negative form. Then we have to note that there are two sides in the study of value system: one is the diagnosis of culture, and the other, its classification. We have tried to compare them from the anthropological point of view. We are trying to survey the method of cultural environment with these ideas in mind. In the next article we are planning to develop the discussion with realistic survey.
東京女子大学の論文

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大川信明
東京女子大学

文化価値の心理学的研究法 : I

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