半乾燥熱帯・硬岩地域における天然地下ダムの調節効果 : インド半島楯状地を例にして
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The semi-arid tropical hard rock terrains have an extensive distributionin the Indian Peninsula. The hydrology in these areas is characterized by small amount and limited duration of rainfall and high evapotranspiration loss. The groundwater occurs in weathered zones and fractured zones of Archaean granitic rocks. Dolerite dykes are widespread throughout the Archaean rocks. The dykes divide the area into groundwater sub-basins because of their low permeability in comparison with weathered granitic rocks. Groundwater flow in the area is controlled by dykes, hard massive rocks, intensity and thickness of weathered zones, and fractured zones. Many tanks (reservoirs) have been constructed since ancient times to collect surface water. Many of them are located along the dykes, because the dykes could give suitable sites to construct tanks due to their high resistance against weathering. The advantage of the tanks are not only to store surface water but also to augment groundwater potential. The dykes behave as natural subsurface dams to control groundwater discharge in the area. The main concept of subsurface dam is not only to store groundwater but also to control groundwater discharge artificially. The merits of subsurface dam are to prevent evaporation loss, not to require huge structures such as surface big dams and canals, and not to sacrifice existing valuable lands, etc. The groundwater flow could be controlled artificially by just only putting an impermeable wall in-between dykes and/or cutting the dykes forming natural subsurface dams in crucial points. A series of minor subsurface dams in a groundwater basin would be more effective from economical points of view. The existing facilities such as surface dams, canals, tanks, and wells should be utilized in a future groundwater development plan.
- 地学団体研究会の論文
- 1993-07-25
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