社会主義革命後の中国ミッション系大学 : 新体制への適応から消滅まで

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Being protected under the extraterritorial rights of the native countries, the Christian colleges in modern China flourished greatly before the Communist Revolution in 1949. But in strong nationalistic movement to restore her sovereignty, Chinese people eagerly wanted to be liberated from the semi-colonialism. As a result, the Chinese Christian colleges had to be registered not as foreign schools but as Chinese private schools. They were obliged to make changes in many aspects such as religious education or the legal status of the western teachers. In spite of their efforts of transformation, they must cease to exist after the Communist Revolution in 1949. The extinction of the colleges proceeded roughly in three stages. The first stage occurred from 1948 to 1949. In this period the government's guidelines were vaguely expressed as protecting all private schools as well as the lives and properties of the foreigners. But the students and the laborers were powerfully against the administration of the Christian colleges. The next stage occurred when the new government of the People's Republic of China was formed in October 1949. In accordance to the establishment of the new government, the administrative power of the colleges shifted from the westerners to the Chinese. Then the room for religion on campus was steadily eroded. The range of religious activities was also restricted. Besides, the texts, scientific theories and pedagogical techniques from U.S.S.R. began to replace the western means. The final stage began with the Resist America Aid Korean Campaign in November 1950, when China and the United States were at war in Korean peninsula. The United States government froze all Chinese communist assets in the United States and made it unlawful to remit funds to mainland China without special license; within two weeks the People's Republic had replied in kind. With no meaningful private support from within China, the colleges were now at the mercy of the government. They agreed to become state colleges. Approximately a year was to pass before most Christian colleges disappeared as part of a drastic reorganization of the institutional structure of higher education in China. Not only the Christian colleges but also other existing colleges except several main universities vanished from the scene until 1952. Although China modernized without Christianity, the process of her modernization was closely associated with the Chinese Christian colleges. They participated in the process positively as well as negatively.
国際基督教大学の論文

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佐藤尚子
国際基督教大学

社会主義革命後の中国ミッション系大学 : 新体制への適応から消滅まで

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