幼児と映像言語 : 教育テレビ番組の制作変数について(3)
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概要
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The survey on the TV viewing behavior of preschool children conducted by the Public Opinion Research Institute of NHK shows that the amount of the TV viewing of the preschool children is considerably high in Japan; especially, that of 2-3 years old children ranks highest and this is higher than that of elementary school children. As for the TV programs for preschool children, the same survey indicates that the younger preschooler wathes more than the older. Most of the TV programs for preschool children in Japan are, to some extent, produced under educational intention. In order to achieve the educational objectives, it needs to first consider the ability of audience and to choose an adequate film technique to express the contents. CTW's Sesame Street is the first educational TV program which try to reflect the responses of the children (audience) into the production process. However, though it succeeded in hightening the ratings by improving the program to obtain higher visual attention, high visual attention did not always promise the high understanding of contents. In Japan, when the educatinal TV programs are produced, the ability to read film languages of the audience was usually over looked. It was taken for granted that pictures can be understood without any advance-education. The reason why wa call it, film language, it comprises both semantic components and grammertical components. The knowledge of film language is considered to be ap rerequisit of the understanding of contents as in the case that the literacy for reading. Film language is a common terminology in the world of film production. TV programs are mostly produced according to such a film language. The most characteristical feature of film language is its capability to manipulate the concepts of time and space. Slow-motion, zoom-in and out, cut back, etc. are well-known examples of such film language. The audience should have at least the following three abilities to understand such a manipulation of time and space: 1) to understand the concept of time (past, present, and future) 2) to understand the concept of space 3) to understand the other's point of view (perception) However, it is doubtful that preschool children, especially younger preschoolers, can fully understood the film language, considering. their intellectual developement stage. This paper try to propose some concrete suggestions for the educational TV program for preschool children, discussing the relationships between intellectual development and film language. In conclusion, it recommends a 'subjective technique' which depicts the things in a way that younger children can perceive, while questioning on using the sophisticated film language in the programs for preschool children.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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