大学教育と学生指導(所感と報告)
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概要
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It has recently become one of our major interests to study purpose, systems and programs of higher education although those of primary and secondary education have been important research subjects in the field of educational studies for many years. How to improve the effectiveness of student affairs work seems to have become an significant part of future development of university education in this country. I. Two major types of student affairs programs (1) Decentralized programs The characteristics of this type are: (a) Faculty members are chiefly responsible for all phases of student affairs work (b) Little effort has been seen for the professionalization of the work (c) No special budget is set for the work outside of the general budget for academic training (2) Centralized program The following are the main characteristics of this type: (a) Responsibilities are centralized in the special office which is called student personnel office. (b) Number of professional workers are employed in the central office. (c) Special budget is set for the work outside the regular educational budget. II. Four basic trends in historical development of student affairs work in Japanese Universities. (1) The educational approach Professors are considered chiefly responsible for helping students in every respect. Close contact between students and faculty, which is charaterized as apprenticeship, is evident. However, it has become difficult to keep this approach effective since student enrollment rapidly increased. (2) The disciplinary approach In this approach, it has been thought that student conduct should be strictly controlled, so that they are kept from acting conspicuously different from the standard set by society and the university. Student affairs workers has been considered mere disciplinalians and campus police. (3) The service approach A series of welfare services for needy students have become of special importance since the World War II. This approach concerns mainly how to improve students living conditions so that they can continue their academic work successfully. (4) The counseling approach A fourth and the newest trend is to see student affairs work as various forms of counseling. It has been recognized that old concepts of guidance and welfaire work are completely lacking psychological basis of individual personality and his basic needs. Emphasis on scientific studies of human behavior has called for the development of counseling, measurement and group dynamics in student affairs programs.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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