大学生の課外活動とリーダーシップ育成
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概要
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Recently, many universities in Japan have recognized the necessity of developing leadership training programs. However, few studies have been undertaken on the topics which would provide basic materials for improving the programs. Research in the following areas are greatly needed: (1) Aims of higher education; (2) Place of extracurricular activities in the total educational programs; (3) Application of the results of study on leadership for campus situations; and (4) Methods and techniques of leadership training. It is said that the modern university has three major purposes: (1) Academic research and teaching; (2) General education; and (3) Character building. The position of extracurricular activities in the total educational program of a university varies according to which function receives the major emphasis. Traditionally, in Japan, strong emphasis is put solely on academic work, and the educational values of extracurricular activities have been neglected. Unless the majority of the faculty members are willing to take responsibilities for activities other than classroom teaching, it is difficult to develop valuable programs of student leadership training. Some define leadership as the possession of certain personality characteristics. To others, it is closely related to a particular position and status in a social organization. Still others think that leadership is a group function or a property of the group itself. In this last case, leadership means those acts which help the group to move toward its goal. All group members, including leaders, have the opportunity of assuming leadership and sharing responsibilities for the maintenance and locomotion of the group. There are certain items to be considered when training programs are being planned. (1) Group training: Not only leaders but also groups such as clubs, organizations and committees must be trained in order to develop student leadership. (2) Assuming responsibilities: It is desirable to give students responsibilities during college life so that they can be trained through actual experiences. (3) Accumulation of experiences: Great leaders cannot be made in a short time. They have to start with assuming minor responsibilities and gradually move toward taking larger and more difficult ones. (4) Training programs: There are three areas which are to be covered in the programs; (a) knowledge, (b) personality, and (c) skill. Training program may be held; (a) occasionally when students face actual problems and issues in their campus activities (b) regularly on the campus having some study meetings, lectures, discussions, workshops, etc., and actually participating in such activities as freshman orientation, etc., and (c) especially through training camps or workshops during the vacation period. Careful preparation is essential for the success of such camps and workshops. The content of the program must be matched with the purposes. A balance between the various programs is necessary. Participants must be encouraged to use their initiative and creativity in order to make the program more valuable.
- 国際基督教大学の論文
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