ヒルファディングと第二次社会化委員会

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In Germany after the First World War the Second Socialization Commission was officially established in May 1920 in order to change the nation's economic structure. R. Hilferding(1877-1941), a leading political economist in the German Independent Social Democratic Party, played a key role, but his activities have not been made fully clear yet. Under "the dictatorship of capitalism", he tried to keep up the living standards of the working class and persuade works councils to prepare for socialization. Meanwhile he took an opportunity to suggest steps toward economic reconstruction such as through capital formation at a meeting in the Ministry of Economies. In the Socialization Commission, where the bourgeois side had been remarkably strengthened after the collapse of a worker-government plan in the Kapp Insurrection, he criticized the monopolistic character of German capitalism and proposed concrete alternatives in each sector. He argued for the public ownership of coal mining and for selfgovernmental organization of the industry by full socialization, while he flexibly distinguished between completely socialized production and hybrid sales patterns in the potash industry and pointed out the excessively high level of prices and dividends in the state-controlled cement industry. As for communalization, Hilferding put stress on communal autonomy and then recommended a combined system of basic house rent and land charges to collect land rent for use in housing funds. Further he sought to introduce commercial management and worker participation into the state railway for the sake of efficiency, maintaining the public interest. Outside the Socialization Commission, too, he advocated socialization actively and spoke for worker's codetermination and participation in management toward a new vision of "socialism as economic democracy". Thus he attached more and more importance to workers self-government in the sphere of production and now regarded socialization not only as "the sum total of expedients" for the kind of socialism he envisaged but also as "the process of economic democratizing". Thus Hilferding appears to have understood socialization and economic democracy as being evolutionarily related to each other. He also foresaw a form of "organized capitalism", which would have such a "hierarchical" structure that the realization of economic democracy would become an even more crucial issue.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
2001-07-20

著者

河野裕康
金城学院大学

ヒルファディングと第二次社会化委員会

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