19世紀オルデンブルクの農地開発による人口成長と農業集落の拡大

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German population grew remarkably in the process of industrialization in the nineteenth century, but the rate of growth in population in eastern and northwestern agricultural Germany was never smaller than in the industrial regions. We can suppose that land reclamation played a role in the population growth in agricultural regions. In Oldenburg, a part of northwestern Germany, especially in Geest, the removal of common rights and the so-called "colonization" in the moorland since the beginning of the nineteenth century led to large-scale land reclamation. Many rural inhabitants got pieces of commom land and settled themselves in the moorland. Consequently the number of small farmers increased remarkably, most of whom ocupied farms less than 5 ha. These were often so small that they put their sheep out to the common pasture and sometimes engaged in linen spinning or weaving to earn their living. In a case of rural parish Edewecht in Oldenburger Geest population grew parallel with the land reclamation in the first half of the nineteenth century and the stop of land reclamation in the second half of the nineteenth century brought the demographic growth to standstill. In another case of parish Barssel in Munstersche Geest the population growth kept with the land reclamation throughout the nineteenth century. This demographic process correlates with development of rural settlements. In the first half of the nineteenth century the number of households in the old villages increased and new settlements came into being in the both parishes Edewecht and Barssel. In the latter half of the nineteenth century the rural communities remained expanding in Barssel, while they ceased from developing in Edewecht. These case studies show obviously that the land reclamation contributed to the rural population growth in nineteenth century Oldenburg.
政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
1999-01-20

著者

藤田幸一郎
一橋大学

19世紀オルデンブルクの農地開発による人口成長と農業集落の拡大

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