第一次大戦前におけるエジプトの不動産抵当銀行 : 地主制と外国資本
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概要
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This paper deals with the activities of Egyptian mortgage banks from 1880 to 1914. All the mortgage banks were established by foreign investors and were provided funds by them. The research on these mortgage banks is a clue to such a more extensive theme as asks what influence foreign capital exerted on the evolution of Egyptian landlordism in this period. In order to answer the two following problems some important aspects in the activities of these mortgage banks are to be analyzed. First, it will be sought what types of mortgage banks there existed in this sector of business. In this point arguments are especially directed to the question that which sort of mortgage banks had lent money mainly to big landlords, owners of estates or plantations, and similarly which one mainly to small landlords, village notables. Secondly, it is another problem what were the fundamental characteristics of these mortgage banks which were all foreign-originated. To approach these two problems, in this paper, after reviewing the whole sector of mortgage banks in Egyptian economy at that time, examinations are focused on finding the features in the operations of two big mortgage banks, that is, the Credit Foncier Egyptien and the Agricultural Bank of Egypt, both of which seem to have been respectively played pivotal roles in the sector of mortgage banking. The former was a French-owned firm and the largest mortgage bank in Egypt, the latter being set up by British investors officially to lend the peasantry. As a result of the examinations, available evidence seems to support the following conclusions. First, it has been turned out that on one hand the Credit Foncier Egyptien had supplied mortgage credit exclusively to big landlords over the period discussed, on the other hand at the beginning of the twentieth century the Agricultural Bank of Egypt had been lending the bulk of its fund to small landlords. Afterward other new mortgage banks had been established one after another with the object of lending mainly to small landlords. Furthermore, it appears that the fundamental characteristics of several major mortgage banks consisted in the stability and the great profitability in their business as well as the close relation between their banking policies and their home countries' policies toward Egypt.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1988-04-20