1920年代「満洲」における日本人中小商人の動向
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of social movements by Japanese retail dealers in "Manchuria" (Northeast China) during a decade of 1920-1930. In 1920's, Japaneae retail dealers in staple foods and commodities generally fell into poverty caused by three important factors. They developed social movements intending to obtain the special protection of their trades from Kwantung Agency or South Manchuria Railway Company. Their demands for protection consisted of two main contents. One was to abolish the Consumer's Cooperative Societies and the other was to establish the financial banking for the running trade money to them. Japanese retail dealers made every effort to abolish the Cooperative Societies, but in vain. All they attained was the end of the direct protection for the Cooperative Societies by South Manchuria Railway Company. At the first stage of the movement, the retail dealers proeeded in accordance with the Chambers of Commerce in "Manchuria". In the latter half of 1920's, they established their own organization and propelled the movements against Cooperative Societies and for establishment of Manchuria Import Association, under the hegemony of retail dealers' shop societies. As the result of their roused social movements, South Manchuria Railway Company and Kwantung Agency were forced to take measures against the distressed "middle class" in 1927-1928. The establishment of Manchuria Import Associations and City Financial Associations by Kwantung Agency meant a remedy for the distressed "middle class" Japanese residents in "Manchuria". Nevertheless, such a remedy obviously could not result in the drastic improvement of the economic conditions of all the Japanese retail dealers. The retail dealers' demands were partially realized, some of their economic, social dissatisfaction sbsorbed into the "relief policy" by the colonial authorities, and others canalized to the exclusive anti-China movements. The development of trade activity of Chinese merchants was the basic factor which enforced the retail dealers to participate in the exclusionism movements. The enforcement of "Anti-Japan" economic policies by Chan Hsiieh-liang government accompanied by frequent boycottings of Japanese goods, accelerated the antiforeignism among Japanese residents. Thus, under the circumstances of the world crisis, Japanese retail dealers who combined the sense of depression in their own trade with the sense of exclusionism, responded excessively to the "crisis" of Japanese special interests in "Manchuria". To break through the difficult situation, they wanted every possible means, including the operation of Kwantung Army.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1981-07-20