国家と農民 : 食糧独裁令から貧農委員会の改造まで
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概要
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At the first stage of the bolshevik regime, the central power was based on cities. Rural district (volost') Soviets, which were converted from district Zemstvo (self-governing body) between January and March 1918, were disobedient to the central power. In order to achieve a political unity in a post-revolutionary society and to build up new State, it was essential for the bolsheviks to subordinate the rural society to their own will. The poor peasant committee (kombedy) were organized as central power's agents, opposed to the district Soviets. This paper is intented to analyse the bolshevik's policy of kombedy in context of new State formation. At first kombedy were organized as supply organ of local Soviets under the aegis of baffled troops. But once kombedy were organized, they expanded their function^ and at last became a kind of allmighty organ in the rural society. Such an expansion had expected by the central legislators. Not expected by them was that kombedy began to form up their own upper system, parallel with local governing organs. Such a dualism of rural administration was a serious obstruction for the central power in administrating rural society. A conference, held for the purpose of arrangement of rural organs in October 1918, decided that kombedy should be remodeled into new district (soviet)executive committees, that the still preserved disobedient rural Soviets should be reformed into loyal organ, such as kombedy, and that the said arrangement should be carried out through a general re-election of rural Soviets. The sixth soviet congress sanctioned the conference's decisions, and then 4 December was published an instruction prescribing the detailed procedures of re-election. The re-election campaign was held between December 1918 and February 1919. In newly formed district (soviet) executive committees, communists and their sympathizers came to occupy a majority. Such party composition of the new executive committees ensured their stability and independence of village community. Thus, the first stage of new State formation (exactly, formation of Party-"State"-System) was finished.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1981-01-20
著者
関連論文
- 溪内謙著, 『上からの革命-スターリン主義の源流-』, 岩波書店, 二〇〇四・一一刊, A5, 五五四頁, 一一〇〇〇円
- 歴史理論 (一九九五年の歴史学界 : 回顧と展望)
- 「ネップ」初期研究 : 「商品交換体制」の成立をめぐって
- 国家と農民 : 食糧独裁令から貧農委員会の改造まで
- 和田春樹著, 『農民革命の世界』, 東京大学出版会, 1978年10月刊, 330頁
- ロシア・東欧・北欧(現代,ヨーロッパ,2006年の歴史学界-回顧と展望-)