小作調停にみる土地返還争議の諸相
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概要
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With the economic despression in 1930, tenancy disputes increased rapidly. Most of them were the so-called Tochi Henkan Sogi which occured from the landowners' one-sided cancel of the lease. And these disputes were almost dealt with the Tenancy Arbitration Law. In this paper I adopt the materials for the tenancy arbitration in Akita prefecture and try to prove some characteristics of the Tochi Henkan Sogi in Tohoku district. Of the Tochi Henkan Sogi, there were three types. In the first type, the landowners force the tenant farmers to restitute the land in order to deal with the arrears of rent. They try to change their tenant farmers and maintain their rent-income. They were parasite large-scale landlords who could make their living with the rent-income only, or petty landlords who possesed less than 1 cho (hectare) and had no ability to cultivate their own land. In the second type, the landowners force them to do it in order to cultivate themselves. They try to increase the scale of their home farm and secure their income. They were small-scale landlords who were in possession of 3-10 cho and had cultivated themselves in the village. In the third type, the peasants who have brought the land recently force them to do it in order to cultivate the land. They were mainly tenant cultivators or part-owner cultivators. In this type, the Tochi Henkan Sogi were the dispute between the peasantry. The number of the Tochi Henkan Sogi which belonged to the first type accounted for 70 per cent of all, that of the second 10 per cent and that of the third 20 per cent. The Tochi Henkan Sogi generally resulted in disadvantage of the tenant farmers. Specially during 1930-35, those almost obliged them to restitute the land and reduced their farm. Under the war-time system, the tenant farmers' situation was slightly improved and the Tochi Henkan Sogi began to decrease.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1979-07-20