ロシア資本主義成立期の労働運動 : 1885年モローゾフ争議をめぐって
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概要
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Russian capitalism reached the stage of industrial capitalism in the middle of 1880's, despite the fact that it was still dominated by the agricultural sector. It was during this period that a large labour dispute in January of 1885 arose at Nikol'skaya Manufacture owned by Morozov who was one of the largest Russian cotton industrialists in the Vladimir Province. The purpose of this paper is to look at this dispute as a resistant movement by the mass against the structural change of Russian capitalism. The majority of labourers of the cotton industry came from the agrarian districts, principally because they had to supplement the family income,--the land units being too small to be viable. Without the factory labourer, the agricultural family would naturally suffer from the income crisis, and so the cotton industry labourers supported both the agricultural family's economic system (otrabotka) and the system of factory labour. The factory labourers at that time had a "primitive" labour relationship in Russia which had a dual structure. This structure was supported by the community,--though it could be said that they were being exploited not only by the employer who controlled the right to employ the labourers, but also by the community representatives (i. e. the dual structure). In spite of the organization and agitation of a few skilled workmen who had experienced the modern labour movement in St. Petersburg in 1870's, this labour dispute had a different movement form, a form similar to agrarian terror. The details and character of this dispute were different from those of the dawn movements in St. Petersburg in 1870's. First of all, the core of this movement were ordinary non-skilled workmen who were closely linked with the agrarian districts and so it isn't correct to say that the efforts of a few skilled workmen to instill the knowledge and experience of the movement in St. Petersburg into them were successful. The aims of non-skilled workmen which were formed in consequence of the permeation of capitalism into the agrarian districts were decisively different from the aims of skilled workmen. Therefore, in general, the experiences in St. Petersburg in 1870's were not followed and used in this Central Industrial Zone. The regulative powers of the agrarian community which affected the emergence of wage-labours formed here a quite different type of resistance to capitalism. As a result of this dispute, a new stage of labour movement began in European Russia. Taking this opportunity, the Tsarist government legistlated the new labour relations adjustment law in 1886.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1977-01-20