第一次大戦前後における民間鉄鋼資本の発展過程 : 主要製鋼企業の資本蓄積と市場構造
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概要
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The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of the steel enterprises in Japan around the period of the 1st World War, especially with respect to the way in which the market structure determined the accumulation of capital by the main private enterprises. The conclusion is that the pattern of accumulation of capital can be devided into enterprises mainly producing for civilian use (A type) and those which depended upon the war materials or the demand of the government office (B type). In the special conditions of the War, namely under stringent market conditions and a sudden rise in the price of steel, both types rapidly developed and gained a large profits. Especially Nippon-Kokan, which belonged to A, became a big business and accumulated capital through extra depreciation and undistributed profits. Nippon-Kokan tried to maintain its position by quick response to the changing market structure caused by the crisis after the War. And, under the condition of excess imports of steel from Europe and U.S.A., it survived by reducing costs through mass-production. On the other hand, B invested in various producer's plant and equipment during the War, but chiefly in relation to war materials and the shipbuilding industry. So, B declined gradually with the depression of the shipbuilding industry after the War. But B depended wholly upon the expansion of the navy, and was damaged by the military reduction required by the Washington Treaty. B were also obliged to adapt themselves to the changing market structure, but were prevented on account of the large fixed capital. They only could supply the war materials or government demands by means of the already invested plant and equipment. But, in that time, Yawata, a government enterprise, which had invested a large amount of fixed capital, produced mainly for civilian use instead of war materials or government demands. And so, although a few of B cut down the scale of procuction, most gained comparatively stable profits. Some of them, Sumitomo-Seiko, Kawasaki-Zosen (Hyogo factory), Kobe-Seiko etc., produced for the demand of the Ministry of Railroad, Minamimanshu-Tetsudo etc. : the others, Kawasaki-Zosen (Fukiai factory), Sumitomo-Shindo, Nippon-Seiko, Kobe-Seiko etc., continued to depend upon the demand for materials for subsidiary warships even after the military cut backs of the Washington Treaty.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1973-01-20