農業解体の深化と農業の再構成 : 1970年基準日本農業再生産構造分析の基礎視角
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概要
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The most remarkable change which took place in Japanese agriculture during the period 1960 to 1970 was the increase in earnings from off-farm jobs. It comprised 30% of the total income of households in 1960, but increased to 60% in 1970. This tendency is still continuing. It would be more appropriate to say that some laborers in manufacturing industries engage in agriculture in their spare time. The fundamental reason for this tendency was the economic gap between non-farm industry and agriculture. This gap has reached a level beyond hope of remedy. Secondly, the suspension of the rice price raising policy since 1968 has brought about a considerable decrease in farmers' income. These tedencies have caused a weakening in the productive power of small farmers. In 1960, the farm hands of one farm averaged about three persons, but in 1970 the average decreased to one person or less. Moreover the average age of farm hands had risen and the percentage of women had increased. It is noteworthy too, that these tendencies have spread to the Tohoku district, which is the most important region in Japanese agriculture, producing 25% of the total rice production in 1970, with the highest level of labor productivity in Japan. In I960 farmer in the Tohoku district required a minimum of two hectares of land in order to make a living from agriculture but by 1970 this minimum had risen to three hectares. However, only 3% of farms consisted of more than three hectares. There are many reasons for this situation, besides those stated above. One is the heavy burden of the cost of mechanization, and the second is the rapid rise of house hold expenses. Faced with this serious situation, it is necessary to discuss the reorganization of Japanese agriculture. The follwing three points would be important: the reorganization of the farming stystem, the size of farms, and landownership. Firstly, with respect to reorganization of the farming system, it will be necessary to change from the continuous cropping system, which produces only rice, to the scientific rotation system, which not only produces rice, but also raises livestock. Secondly, it is necessary to enlarge the size of farms, to a level suitable for mechanization, and to achieve this purpose, some kind of collective farms must be constructed. Thirdly, on the reform of landownership, land nationalization will be the ultimate aim.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1972-10-20
著者
関連論文
- 旗手勲著, 『日本における大農場の生成と展開』 : 華族・政商の土地所有
- 久留島陽三著, 『地代論研究』, ミネルヴァ書房, 1972, 11月刊, 244頁, 1,600円
- 加用信文著, 『日本農法論』, 1972年, 御茶の水書房刊, A5, 265頁
- 農業解体の深化と農業の再構成 : 1970年基準日本農業再生産構造分析の基礎視角
- 熊代幸雄著, 『比較農法論』, 1969年3月, 御茶の水書房刊, 2,500円
- 地代範疇と土地国有論
- 浅田喬二著, 『日本資本主義と地主制』-小作制大農場の展開構造-