ロシア革命における土地国有の展開

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概要

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• The nationalizatization of land was first proposed by Lenin at the period of the First Russian Revolution (1905-1907) as the "maximum" of bourgeois-democratic changes of the country, in perspective of the revolution to grow immediately to the socialistic stage under the hegemony of the proletaliat. Bolsheviki aimed at revolutionary destruction of the feudal land ownership, but among Bolsheviki leaders there existed two main solutions : the nationalization and the division of land. The "division of land" thesis as against the "nationalization" thesis was regarded as wrong (but not qad) in Russia of that time, for the very nature of the "nadel" (land belonging to the peasantry) was also medieval. The slogan of the nationalization of land was once again proposed in the Lenin's April Thesis in 1917. But the social conditions had largely changed: there appeared the various subjects of the socialist revolution in front, which had been brought forward by the estalishbment of monopoly capitalism accelerated by the patronage of the tsarist regime. Hence the nationalization of land, a long cherished desire of the Russian peasantry, could only be realized by the proletaliat in passing of the accomplishment of socialistic purposes. In this sense the nationalization of land was now regarded as the "first step" to socialism. The nationalization of land which was actually prescribed in the "decree on the land" issued on the next day of the Revolution, together with the provisions of equal utilization of land in responce to the wishes of peasants, finally abolished all kinds of survivals of the medieval land ownership. This measure was in its essence bourgeois one, but under the dictatorship of the proletaliat it could be used in the interest of socialism. However, the nationalization of land, different from that of industries, did not in itself give birth to socialistic relations, so until the management on land was also socialized through collectivism, excessive interference of the proletarian state into the utilization of land was apt to injure the initiatives of peasants. Therefore the land policies of the proletarian state during so-called "transition period" inevitablly had two conflicting elements : the admission and the check of the spontaneous development of the petit bourgeois or capitalistic relations on the nationalized land.

• 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
• 1968-07-20

著者

• 岡田 進

  東京外国語大学

関連論文

• 社会主義経済における国家 : ソ連邦での最近の論議によせて
• ソ連農業の再生産構造 : 1970年代初頭
• 旧ソ連と新生ロシアの社会保障と社会政策 : 比較研究の試み
• 野部公一著, 『CIS農業改革研究序説-旧ソ連における体制移行下の農業-』, 農山漁村文化協会, 2003年, vii+368
• ロシアにおける土地改革の十年
• 山村理人著, 『ロシアの土地改革 : 1989〜1996年』, 多賀出版, 1997年, xi+309頁
• 吉野悦雄編著, 『ポーランドの農業と農民-グシトエフ村の研究-』, 木鐸社, 1993年, 546頁
• 社会主義と所有 : 所有形態の多様化をめぐって
• 社会主義のもとでの労働力の経済的形態と生産諸要因の結合様式 : ソ連邦での論議をめぐって
• ヤ・クロンロードの社会主義論について
• ロシア革命における土地国有の展開
• 社会主義経済における 「利潤」 範疇について
• ロシア革命と工業化 : 一九二〇年代を中心にして

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