第二次大戦後の東ドイツにおける土地改革 : 「プロシア型近代化」の帰結
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概要
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The intention of the author in this article is to examine Bodenreform in East Germany after World War II in connection with agrarian problems in the Weimar-Nazi period. The conclusion is summarized as follows : 1) Junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz, which was abolished as feudal-junkerliches Grossgrunbesitz and dissolved into werkttaiges Bauerneigentum by Bodenreform, had been sustained throughout the Weimar-Nazi period, reinforced constantly as an essential element of the economic and social structure. Innere Kolonisation and Osthilfe, for example, illustrate this fact. 2) Junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz had both feudal and capitalistic character in it. These two incompatible characters were typically represented in Deputanten that composed the main body of wage labourers in Junkerlicher Grossbetrieb. For on the one hand the Deputant was a wage labourer, while on the other hand he was a feudal peasant bound by regulations of a feudal community, since in his wage were implied rights of loaning land and using some part of Junker's forests, pastures and meadows which could virtually be called Allemende. The former phase suggests the necessity of dissolution of junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz being carried on by those people who are more or less critical to capitalism. The latter phase suggests the necessity that, after the dissolution of junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz, bauerliches Parzelleneigentum will be established, which originally appears in dissolution process of feudal landownership. 3) Formation and maintenance of junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz, which had the dual character as mentioned above, was possible only by the fact that East Germany, where differentiation of peasantry was in progress to some degree, was involved in the world economy governed by capitalism and was reorganized as one of its components. From this point of view, it seems quite natural that the final dissolution of junkerliches Grossgrundbesitz was achieved at that period when the capitalistic world after World War II was relatively weakened.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 1967-04-20