倣い型彫り機導入における金型製作とスキルの変容 : 自動車ボディ外板用プレス金型を中心に
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This paper compares and analyzes the transformation of the employees' skills before and after the copy milling machine was introduced and brought the first significant technological innovation to the die production industry in post-war Japan. The analysis focuses on the press stamping die production for automobile outer-panel. The previous studies interpret that the influence of the copy milling machine has de-skilled the mastery or has reduced manual labor. However, they do not refer the new-skills required along with the technological innovation, which Attewell (1992) mentioned, would be necessary. This paper reexamines how the technological innovation with copy milling machine has contributed to de-skilling, and also defines and analyzes by following the types of skills referred herein the new-skills and re-skilling continuously required in the die production. The author reviewed his findings of research conducted on die manufacturers since 1993. He incorporated precedent researches in business management, cognitive psychology and labor economics into the concept of skills referred hereby, and classified such skills required in die production into 4 categories; "routine skill", "craft-type skill", "intellectual inference skill", and "managerial integration skill." The article concludes that the technological innovation by introducing copy milling machine promoted organizational awareness of the importance of intellectual inference skill and managerial integration skill, and also that it triggered for the first time the demands for human resource development while skills were simultaneously being separated and integrated.
- 2008-04-20