成人教育の世界都市的構想と社会教育の改造 : 東京市の「市民講座」の開発・実施過程

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• The Tokyo Municipality was one of the leading centers of social education in prewar Japan. This is a study in the history of social education work, focusing upon the lectures on citizenship started in June, 1924 by the Tokyo Municipality that led to the next stage of social education under the influence of adult education projects in the world cities of the same period. It is assumed that this work was collateral to the nation-wide lectures for adults by the Ministry of Education, and that it was an imitation of foreign university extension movement. The reality was different. I would like to discuss the development and originality of the work from three perspectives based largely on the archives of the Tokyo Municipality. First, the place of lectures on science and art had been at the Tokyo Self-Government Hall that was built in 1922 for the Peace Memorial Exhibition of Tokyo under the mayor of Tokyo, Shinpei Goto. Goto attached great importance to civic education and designed the Hall, equipped with auditoriums, and classrooms for study after the Exhibition, as a lasting place of citizens' university to cultivate good sense. Then, the Tokyo Municipality and the Tokyo Institute for Municipal Research made a basic inquiry into adult education conditions in the world great cities, New York, London, Buffalo to reform social education. The reason why these metropolises were suggestive for Tokyo was that all of the cities, including Tokyo, had similar urban problems and searched for the same way. According to a fundamental comparative study, the Tokyo Municipality showed a lack of systematization in the social education scheme, and tried to devise a strategy for graduates of middle schools due to an insufficiency of university extension movement in Japan compared with England. Finally, this well-grounded policy for the lectures on citizenship resulted in the development of specialized courses for different participants. The chief of the social education section, Tetsutaro Ikezono, regarded citizen's individuality as essential and mediated between the idea of adult education and the practice of classroom that opened to the civic life. His contributions to the success in reform were great. This article is concerned with the scene of the lectures on citizenship for nearly twenty years to the Second World War, and with the acceptance of an "adult education" in the US and Europe at the forefront in prewar Japan. The precious case helps us to comprehend the formative years of social education in the global context of adult education expansion.

著者

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  弘前学院大学

関連論文

• 成人教育の世界都市的構想と社会教育の改造 : 東京市の「市民講座」の開発・実施過程
• 労働者教育の再編と英国の「輔導学級」の導入 : 東京市の「労務者輔導学級」の検討を中心に
• ロンドン成人・コミュニティ教育発展史研究(I) : ノンボケーショナル教育のスタンダード化をめぐって

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