1920年代フランスにおける移民労働者の組織化 : 移民会社(SGI)の活動を中心に
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概要
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This paper analyzes in detail the SGI (la Societe Generate d'lmmigration), which developed and managed the recruitment and introduction of immigrant workers to France. This analysis will enable us to clarify the characteristics of the 1920s in the history of French immigration policy. The SGI was a recruitment company founded by the professional organization of the mining and agriculture industries, which were demanding immigrant workers. Under "a mixed system" (un systeme mixte) constituted of the State and the management, the SGI intervened in the recruitment of immigrant workers in Eastern European countries including Poland and Czechoslovakia; this activity contributed to the introduction of about four hundred thousand immigrant workers into France. Thus I infer that the activities of the SGI related to the organized recruitment, introduction and transport of foreign workers were one of the factors behind the rapid increase of foreign population experienced by France in the interwar period. When the SGI as established, it functioned on the basis of the rules of the Convention of France and Poland. However, as a cooperative relationship was gradually built up between administrative organs of the State and the SGI, the society began to take on responsibilities for immigration control. Moreover, while it made a huge profit from the transport of short-term contracted immigrant workers, it also introduced family immigrants in order to solve the problem of labor force instability from which management in the mining and agricultural industries had suffered. In the mining industries, immigrant workers and their families were included in this paternalism, permitting them to settle according to their nationalities and allowing their descendants the opportunity to learn their native language and history. In the domain of agriculture, the SGI ran a settlement business and in particular established a settlement company with the cooperation of the Polish government, aiming at introducing Polish immigrants into the wasteland areas of southwest France. Therefore I argue that these activities of the SGI exercised an important influence upon the organization of immigrant workers in the interwar period. In the 1920s, the State depended on the SGI for the introduction and control of immigrant workers. This dependence not only resulted in a laissez-faire French immigration policy, it was also a major reason that the problems related to immigration were not analyzed from an overall perspective.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 2008-07-30