人工草地の群落構造と遷移I
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概要
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There are few ecologically "natural" grasslands in Japan which belong to the forest climate in terms of the phytoclimate. In a word, the grassland as a true climax in our country is only the alpine grassland above the tree line. The others are either seral stages or the grasslands maintained by human activities such as mowing, grazing, or firing. Semi-natural grasslands as those have been studied by many Japanese ecologists. However, artificial grasslands have not been studied so much ecologically. The authors have intended to analyse the community structure and succession of some artificial grasslands. The sown pastures of different ages in the field of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Chiba were selected to study. The grassland vegetation was measured four times a year by means of the stratified random sampling method with 20 quadrats of 30×30sq. cm or 50×50sq. cm as a basic sampling unit. The nest quadrat method with sides of 7.5, 15, 30, 60, and 120cm was used too. As criteria to diagnose the condition and trend or the health and deterioration of the sown pasture, the floristic composition expressed by the summed dominance ratio: (D'+F'+C')/3(%) and the weight ratio, the number of individuals-rank of species relations in terms of the law of geometrical progression, the dispersive structure (modes and types of distribution), and the biological type spectra were examined. It is concluded that the relative importance of constituent species is to be estimated not only by the standing crop but by the summed dominance ratio; the relative importance including the homogeneity concept is estimated correctly by the coefficient of homogeneity (h) which is useful for the production ecology too; the linear relations from the number of individuals-rank of species standpoint indicate a kind of the stabilization of interspecific competition; and the increace of geophytes, hemicryptophytes, nanophanerophytes, and rhizome plants expresses the deterioration of the sown pasture.
- 日本草地学会の論文
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