シエリング初期の思索ドイツ観念論の展開 : 所謂「ドイツ観念論最古の体系計劃」を廻る諸問題を中心として
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概要
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Among Schelling's many important articles in his earlier days, the most remarkable but unfortunate one must be what is called "The Oldest Programme of Philosophical System in German Idealism", which had been left unknown before it was discovered and published for the first time by Franz Rosenzweig in 1917. He examined both its contents and its style of expression, inferring its true author to be Schelling. Since then three main and fundamental types of interpreters have been distinguished as to the problem of the real author of this fragment. The first group is of the same opinion as Rosenzweig, the second regards Holderlin as its writer, as Wilhelm Bohm does, and the third, for instance, Ernst Cassirer, thinks that it was Schelling that gave a philosophical and systematic form to Holderlin's inner requirement. This essay has attempted to examine not only the scope and nature of all these types of interpretations but also the philosophy of young Schelling before 1800, trying to throw some new light upon this problem. The present author's intention may be shown as follows. In the first place. the real author of this programme should be Schelling and not Holderlin as Bohm insists. The present winter has arrived at this conclusion by taking into consideration a letter of Holderlin to Niethammer in February 1796, which has not yet been used in any former interpretation, and by studying carefully the relationship between Schelling and his two friends, Holderlin and Hegel. Next, Schelling must have written down this fragment between May and July of the same year when be thought it necessary to protest against Friedrich Nicolai, one of the most famous and powerful men of letters who represented the spirit of rationalistic enlightenment. In this protest Schelling asserted a new philosophy of human liberty found in common with his friends mentioned above. In short, this programme of Schelling may be regarded as a document which had an aim to criticize old manners of thinkling of enlightenment and to establish a new philosophy of liberty, which was the true seed for the development of German Idealism. As for Schelling, the contents of this fragment of philosophical system developed or evolved in his later days. Almust all the elements of his philosophizing of the later stage can be found in this short but many-sided programme. But it is already beyond my intention in this paper to follow them.
- 北海道大学の論文
- 1957-03-30