聚落社会の概念及び都市の概念
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概要
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The city or urban community and the agricultural village or rural community have common characters of which the most primary are the following : (1) Both the city and the village are social units founded upon resident groups geographically independent. (2) Both the city and the village have functions of common defence and co-operative living. The former is obvious. The latter, the functions of common defence and co-operative living, can be observed even in our modern metropolitan life. The village and city have been the germ-beds of all human culture. None of our forefathers ever lived without any safeguard given by a village or city. Without village and city any human culture, as we see it to-day, can't have matured. The village and city therefore can be said the basic social frames, and these two should be distinguished from all other social groups. I call the two basic groups the resident community. What is then the peculaiarity with which we can discriminate city from village? We can observe in a city various organs each contributing as a joint in the social and cultural circulation within our national life. A city is an assembly of such joint-organs, small or large. A large manufacturing factory of so many as ten thousand employee is one joint-organ and a small tobaco store carried on by an old window with herself is another. To get livelihood any one must keep or belong to some organ whatever his occupation may be. While occupational organs do not always contribute as a joint for the circulation of culture or goods, those seen usually in the city have functions of joint. No joint-organ, however, can be found in a small rural community where all the dwellers are peasant farmers. ...
- 北海道大学の論文
- 1957-03-30