イタリア地域社会における「公共性」の創出と課題 : 社会的協同組合を軸として(大会報告・共通論題 : 地域再編過程における協同と公共性)
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概要
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Italian society, corresponding to the unification of EU, on one hand conforms with the deregulation or liberalization of the economy and social policy, and on the other hand, reconstructs or re-regulates the social tendency to neo-liberalism. Here we can observe the functioning of resistance inherent in local communities, promoted by the non-profit sector, and especially by the social cooperatives and the consortium that they comprise collectively (hereafter "consortium"). From this point of view, I refer to the difficulties and its tasks of the non-profit sector in order to clarify the possibilities to construct the countermeasure against the tendency above. For example, in order to reduce social exclusion when trying to resolve the unemployment problem, when choosing a third way program adhering to the market-oriented policy, the unemployed were decisively "inserted" into the labour market in the shortterm so that they could "efficiently" take part in the market. On the contrary, the non-profit sector in Italy such as social cooperatives and the consortium that they form collectively, having accumulated experience of the human-oriented approach, tend to prompt the unemployed to "participate" in society and the labour market, rather than being "inserted", with the creation of the special figure which is called "tutor aziendale" (management tutor in English), who constructs a relationship between the excluded such as the unemployed and ordinary enterprises in the profit-oriented market, in which the unemployed can promote their "employability", removing their physical barriers and also invisible soft barriers. The roots of this possibility, I suggest, lie first in the complex identity connoted by the social cooperative, that is, as an organized social activist association; as an economic entity that is suggesting new rules for and at the same time partially applying market principles; and as a creator of the public space earning social recognition through its own practical accumulation of efforts to expand cooperation with public entities. Second, the potential of the network of cooperatives, in other words, the consortium, getting around these ideological differences, cooperating with each other and respecting the needs rooted in the local community and the results of this network will be shared not only by the cooperatives but also by the various actors in the communities.
- 政治経済学・経済史学会の論文
- 2008-04-30
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関連論文
- 「社会的排除との闘い」と「労働を通じた社会参加」をめざすイタリア社会的協同組合 (特集 「働きたい」を実現させる多様な働き方)
- イタリア地域社会における「公共性」の創出と課題 : 社会的協同組合を軸として(大会報告・共通論題 : 地域再編過程における協同と公共性)
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