Effects of nitrogen fertilization on CH_4 emissions from rice fields(<Special Section>Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agroecosystems in Monsoon Asia)
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概要
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Nitrogen fertilization is essential for achieving high rice yields and is widely practiced in rice cultivation. There is an ongoing discussion on the possible effects of N application on CH_4 emission from rice fields. CH_4 emission is a net consequence of CH_4 production, oxidation and transport from the soil in which the CH_4 is produced to the atmosphere, and the interactions among these processes. Nitrogen influences all the processes of CH_4 emission from rice fields either directly or indirectly and the effects are either negative or positive at the ecosystem, microbial and biochemical level. Because of this complexity and counter-balance among the effects, it is difficult to assess the net N effect on CH_4 emissions from rice fields on a national or global scale. Field measurements also show a contradiction in that positive, negative and no effects of N application on CH_4 emissions have been observed. Nevertheless, it is clear that the effect of N application on CH_4 emission is N-form dependent. Nitrate-based fertilizers are able to mitigate CH_4 emission, but they are rarely applied to rice fields and generally not practicable to mitigate CH_4 emission because of their low use efficiency and stimulatory effect on N_2O emission. In contrast, the application of organic N stimulates CH_4 emission because additional organic carbon is supplied for CH_4 production. However, it is not sufficient to conclude that CH_4 emission intensity would have been decreased by the replacement of organic N, which dominated traditional rice cultivations, with chemical N fertilizers, which are used in current rice cultivations, because the fertilizer replacement has also enhanced rice yields, which in turn affects CH_4 production, oxidation and transport. Establishing quantitative relationships between N status in soil and CH_4 production, oxidation and transport is essential to assess the effects of chemical N fertilizer application on CH_4 emissions from rice fields.
著者
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Xu Hua
Inst. Of Soil Sci. Chinese Acad. Of Sci. Nanjing
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Shan Yuhua
State Key Laboratory Of Soil And Sustainable Agriculture Institute Of Soil Science Chinese Academy O
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CAI Zucong
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy
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XU Hua
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy
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Cai Zucong
Inst. Of Soil Sci. Chinese Acad. Of Sci. Nanjing Chn
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Cai Zucong
State Key Laboratory Of Soil And Sustainable Agriculture Institute Of Soil Science Chinese Academy O
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Xu Hua
State Key Laboratory Of Soil And Sustainable Agriculture Institute Of Soil Science Chinese Academy O
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Cai Zucong
State Key Laboratory Of Soil And Sustainable Agriculture Institute Of Soil Science Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Xu Hua
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices (South China University of Technology), Guangzhou 510640, China
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