ボナヴェントゥラ哲學の研究 : 特にその認識理論について
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The aim of this article is to put forth and examine shortly BONAVENTURA'S theory of knowlege according to his authentic text. BONAVENTURA first of all asserts that knowledge is attained through a series of stages, since there are a sensible knowledge of senses, an abstract knowledge of reason, and an intuitive knowledge of wisdom. The ultimate source of knowledge is divine illumination. Knowledge of God is first in order of importance, and in this knowledge the soul is independent of all sense-knowledges. But this does not mean that knowledge of God is prior to all other knowledges, for BONAVENTURA adopts the theory that the mind in the beginning is like "tabula rasa" ready to receive impressions. But even if he adopts the well-known scholastic proposition, "Nothing is in the intellect which was not first in the senses", this is no avail for the pure spiritual things which we can not find in the phenomenical order, and therefore abstract from it. Eventhough our intellect can not rise to God but after sensible knowledge, it does not however get the idea of God from the phenomenical order, but that as impressed from on high. This impressed knowledge is due to divine illumination bestowing the influence of light connatural to the cognitive power. Such an illumination is disposed not only to the knowledge of God, but also of all universal, immutable and eternal ideas, and so to the same is reduced the abstraction, through which such ideas are attained. Finally it is nothing but a divine concourse in intellectual works and also a return of the intellect to the absolute being itself in all works, through which we are able to attain the exemplar ideas, or "rationes aeternae". Hence it is true that the idea of God is seized by God himself, i.e. by proper object inasmuch as all ideas, although every knowledge starts from senses. It is also true that God, as the absolute being, is an adequate object of the intellect, even if this does not see him save only in an analogical intuition, that is transition from finite to infinite being. In a word, when the intellect "resolves" the effect, there is included a knowledge of the cause, and in real knowledge of any creature knowledge of God. BONAVENTURA was a speculative mystic, and is regarded as the best representative of the mysticism of the thirteenth century. He drew upon the doctrince of the Fathers, especially mysticism of Augustine, and commingled Augustinian elements of thought with Christian Platonism.
- 帯広畜産大学の論文
- 1953-03-30
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