近代思想発展と関連するデカルト的思惟の批判的考察

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概要

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• From a philosophical standpoint Descartes must be credited with setting many of the problems with which later Modern philosophers have had to struggle. In the present work, the author aims at the examination of the influences of Descartes's so-called "cogito" doctrine developed through the subsequent philosophical currents of Modern age. The principal element to determine his standpoint of thoughts is to be found in his attempt to doubt all that might be in the least uncertain, and consequently to introduce a basic truth "cogito ergo sum", which seems to be at first sight so wholly transparent. But when we survey the movement of this thought established by Descartes, it noticeably fails in its principal aim, namely, to show that reason can establish with certainty the natural existence. According to the neo-scholastic view with which we agree, the starting point of a realist should be the evidence of being and not the idea of thought. But his "philosophical reformation" soon came to invert the proper order of proceeding of human knowledge; and finally its inner course of thinking drove itself to the inquiry of mere material and worldly things. Perhaps it may be stated that the freedom, released from all controls, is a real mother of the freedom of Modern age. But when the dogma of the autonomy of reason arrives at its culmination, it will come to realize that the thought is able to hold no objective existence except its own, and even denies the possibility and certainly the reality of the natural world. Thus the philosophy of clear distinct ideas throws back the conformity between reason and faith, natural science and metaphysics on the subject of agnosticism; and thus makes it impossible to lead our natural desire to the ultimate unity. We can retain some Christian depths behind his pure thought, nevertheless at the same time we have to point the origin of egocentric and utilitarian realism which seems principally to characterize the mind of to-day. It is worthy of remark, it seems to us, that all the great medieval epistemologies were realism. After more than three centuries of idealist speculation we have in neo-scholasticism a doctrine that refuses to fall in with the method foreshadowed by Descartes.

• 帯広畜産大学の論文
• 1957-03-30

著者

• 三原 武夫

  帯広畜産大学一般教養科哲学研究室

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