分子レベルでの毒性発現機構の種差を踏まえたより精緻な安全性評価を目指して!(誌上シンポジウム)
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概要
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The potential carcinogenic hazard of chemical agents to humans is presently based primarily on the results of long-term animal bioassays. The validity of this toxicologic approach to human risk assessment depends on two fundamental assumptions. First, the results of an animal bioassay are directly applicable to humans (interspecies extrapolation). Second, the doses used in an animal bioassay are relevant for estimating risk at known or expected human exposure levels (dose extrapolation). Although progress has been made over the past four decades in understanding the mode of action of chemical carcinogens, it is increasingly important to determine mechanistically the relevance of these modes of action in humans. There is now evidence that M6P/IGF2R functions as a novel tumor-suppressor gene in a variety of human and rodent cancers. M6p/Igf2r is imprinted in rodents and expressed only from the maternal allele after embryonic implantation. In contrast, both alleles are functional in humans. This marked species difference in M6P/IGF2R imprinting has important implications for human carcinogen risk assessment since only one rather than two alleles needs to be mutated in rodents to completely inactivate the function of this tumor suppressor gene. This striking species difference in the imprint status of M6P/IGF2R clearly demonstrates that we need to understand better variations in epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation between rodents and humans to perform accurately chemical safety assessments.
- 2007-03-01
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関連論文
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- 分子レベルでの毒性発現機構の種差を踏まえたより精緻な安全性評価を目指して!(誌上シンポジウム)
- Endocrine disrupters と毒性学 : 内分泌系攪乱作用の検出・評価のための試験法