米国刑務所における矯正処遇と民営刑務所 : カリフォルニア州を中心に
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概要
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When we take a look at the Crime Index, when it compares the crime rate of 1985 with 1975, we find that forcible rape has increased by 55.7%, aggravated assault by 49.2%, larceny-theft by 15.9%, motor vehicle theft by 10.2% and robbery by 7%. In contrast, murder has decreased by 8.1% and burglary has decreased by 6.8%. As the result, prison and jail populations have doubled in a past decade. U.S. jail population was 234,500 in 1985... a new record and a 46% increase in only six years. In. the case of California, the prison population was 20,345 in 1976 but by 1985 rose to 47,075. Overcrowding has become the most serious problem in correctional treatment in the prisons. Folsom Prison, for example has had their educational program and vocational program severely influenced by its overcrowded situation. Wherever we go, we can find overcrowding in prisons and jails. In order to bring a solution of this kind of problem, a concept of private prisons has arisen. Private firms argue that they can operate detention facilities more economically and efficiently than the public sector. For example, Corrections Corporation of America, which is one of the private firms, is coducting the management, leasing, development and ownership of prisons and other correction and detention facilities and institutions in the private sector as follows: 1. Bay County Jail, (196-bed jail) Panama City, Florida 2. Bay County Jail Workcamp/Jail Annex, (174-bed) Panama City, Florida 3. Houston INS, (350-bed facility for illegal aliens for the U.S. Dept. of Immigration and Naturalization Service) Houston, Texas 4. Laredo Processing Center, (208-bed facility for illegal aliens) Laredo, Texas 5. Silverdale, (360-bed men's workhouse and women's jail) Chattanooga, Tennessee 6. Shelby Training Center, (150-bed secure juvenile training Center) Memphis, Tennessee 7. Tall Trees, (48-bed juvenile home) Memphis, Tennessee 8. Santa Fe County Detention Facility, (133-bed jail) Santa Fe, New Mexico 9. Fayetteville Community Treatment Center, (24-bed halfway house for Federal Bureau of Prisons) Fayetteville, North Carolina
- 日本犯罪社会学会の論文