超臨界メタノール法によるバイオディーゼル燃料(<特集>バイオマス液体燃料の開発動向と今後の展開)

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Presently, alkaline catalyst method is applied commercially to produce biodiesel. However, the process is not simple and not applicable to wastes of oils and fats. Therefore, supercritical methanol method (hereafter, called Saka process) was developed as a non-catalytic process in our laboratory, which found that even wastes of oils and fats containing water and free fatty acids can be converted successfully to biodiesel in high yield. However, the reaction conditions were high (350℃,>20MPa), thus special alloy such as hastelloy was required for the reaction vessel. Additionally, the biodiesel produced was thermally deteriorated. Therefore, to realize the milder reaction condition, the process by hydrolysis of oils or fats by subcritical water and subsequent methyl esterification of the resulting fatty acids by supercritical methanol (hereafter, called Saka-Dadan process) was developed. A subsequent comparison between these two processes has clearly revealed that, in the Saka process, transesterification was reduced in its reaction rate constant below 300℃, while in the Saka-Dadan process, reaction rate constants in hydrolysis and esterification were not reduced but larger than that in transesterification. Consequently, the Saka-Dadan process was concluded to produce the biodiesel in high yield at very mild conditions (270℃,<10MPa). Furthermore, glycerol produced as a by-product after hydrolysis could be isolated and obtained biodiesel fuel could satisfy the requirements in EU and US standards of the biodiesel fuel. Presently, the Saka-Dadan process is being developed for commercial applications under the program of the NEDO "High Efficiency Bioenergy Conversion Project".
一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会の論文
2005-05-20

超臨界メタノール法によるバイオディーゼル燃料(<特集>バイオマス液体燃料の開発動向と今後の展開)

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