Slow Acting Protein Extract from Fruit Pulp of Momordica charantia with Insulin Secretagogue and Insulinomimetic Activities(Pharmacology)

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The protein from Thai bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit pulp was extracted and studied for its hypoglycemic effect. Subcutaneous administration of the protein extract (5, 10mg/kg) significantly and markedly decreased plasma glucose concentrations in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The onset of the protein extract-induced antihyperglycemia/hypoglycemia was observed at 4 and 6h in diabetic and normal rats, respectively. This protein extract also raised plasma insulin concentrations by 2 fold 4h following subcutaneous administration. In per fused rat pancreas, the protein extract (10μg/ml) increased insulin secretion, but not glucagon secretion. The increase in insulin secretion was apparent within 5min of administration and was persistent during 30min of administration. Furthermore, the protein extract enhanced glucose uptake into C_2C_<12> myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Time course experiments performed in rat adipocytes revealed that M. charantia protein extract significantly increased glucose uptake after 4 and 6h of incubation. Thus, the M. charantia protein extract, a slow acting chemical, exerted both insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities to lower blood glucose concentrations in vivo.
2006-06-01