Jouleに於ける動力と熱に関する研究の発展(続)
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概要
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The purpose of this present paper is to inquire as to how Joule, without having enough basic scientific training at first, was able to develop his investigation of mechanical power and heat and eventually to establish a universal law of the conservation of energy. The author has examined Joule's life, the education he received, and his scientific papers up to about 1850, by which time his major achievement had been completed. Following this, the stages of Joule's scientific investigation have been analyzed into various important periods as follows: 1. Improvement of the electro-magnetic engine (1838-). 2. Discovery of the law of electro-magnetic attraction (1839). 3. Observation of zinc consumption in a battery while an electro-magnetic engine was running (1840). 4. Realization of the economic limit of the electro-magnetic engine (1841). 5. Discovery of the law of Joule's heat (1840) and its extension to the heat evolved during electrolysis (1841). 6. A view of the electrical origin of chemical heat (1841-1842). 7. Anticipation of some quantitative relation between heat and mechanical work produced by electric current (1843). 8. Proof of the equivalent relation between heat and mechanical work (1843). 9. Generalization of heat theory (1847-). In conclusion, the following factors appear to have contributed greatly to the development of Joule's scientific investigation: 1. The general circumstances of the time and of Manchester. 2. The occupation of the Joule family in a brewery. 3. The influence of Dalton as young Joule's tutor. 4. Cavallo's treatises, particularly the one which was Joule's textbook. 5. Sturgeon and his Annals of Electricity. 6. Faraday's experimental research in electricity. 7. The dynamic theory of heat presented by Rumford and Davy. 8. Co-operation with William Thomson.
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