現代台湾における歌仔戲のあり方 : 宜蘭での活動を中心に
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概要
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Gezaixi (歌仔戲) is an opera concluded in Yiran (宜蘭) city in Taiwan. It is a form of Chinese opera that is performed in Taiwan and other places such as Fujian (福建) province, Xiamen (厦門) city and Zhangzhou (〓州) city in the Chinese mainland. Increased emigration from the Chinese mainland and the social integration of these emiigrants led to the formation and development of Gezaixi. Now it shows a state of the progressive form. By the main subject, I assume Taiwan which is a main presentation place of Gezaixi the study object ground, after having considered from the formation time to today, this study will consider a social position of Gezaixi in Modern Taiwan society. The history of those who emigrated from a Chinese mainland to Taiwan is connected with a formation background of Gezaixi. In addition, Gezaixi continued to develop corresponding with the social conditions that I refer to as Japanese rule of Taiwan and the severance of diplomatic relations with the Chinese mainland after the establishment of Gezaixi as a form of stage drama in the beginning in the 20th century. Furthermore, Gezaixi let a style of the drama tranform while opening a seat of the stage to the media such as a movie and a radio and television. in addition, beliefs such as "mainlandization" or "Taiwanezation" (means are embodiment of "Taiwanese identity") are strong among the people of Taiwan and these further acquired momentum from the later half of 1980s. It was in this social backdrop of the Taiwanese society that the Taiwanese people began to consider Gezaixi, which originated in Taiwan to be representation of there culture. The Taiwan government and a Yiran prefecture keep cultural significance in a Yiran prefecture being the birthplace of Gezaixi, it is called "Taiwan opera". In 1990, the government established the Taiwan theater musium in Yiran city. Furthermore, in 1992, and it founded the Lan-yang Taiwanese opera company, this was the only public Gezaixi company operating in Taiwan. In addition, the Yiran prefecture culture station conducts several activities of Gezaixi. For example, the government has establishes a "Gezaixi learning course" designed for its citizens, and organizes a Quiz program witch has prise. Moreover, they presents Gezaixi performance in hotels in order to attract the visitors. This is dispatch of an outward arrow. This performance does not only mean present a Gezaixi, but rather serves as a device to educate tourist about Gezaixi's rule, for example, song's melody, characteristic of a role, and mean of acting. However, as a result of the diversification of entertainment diversified in Taiwan, the popularity of gezaixi is decline. Nevertheless, the Taiwanese outlook toward Gezaixi is still extremely positive and this will enable Gezaixi to settle and survive in the Taiwanese society. However, this will result a comprehensive national policy and more importantly, a sence of personal pride among the people that "Gezaixi born in Yiran."
- 2006-03-31